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Apply-patch-with-patch-command
How to patch a corrupt File.Here the passwd is corrupt. ===================== root is in ! ~/patch cp /etc/passwd . root is in ! ~/patch ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1598 Oct 13 13:13 passwd Step 1 : Correct the file passwd by copying it to passwd.new =============================================== root is in ! ~/patch cp passwd passwd.new root is in ! ~/patch vi passwd Step 2 : Check the difference: ===================== root is in ! ~/patch diff passwd passwd.new 7c7 < hutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown --- > shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown Step 3 : Create passwd.patch file. ===================== root is in ! ~/patch diff -u passwd passwd.new > passwd.patch Step 4: Check the patched file. ===================== root is in ! ~/patch cat passwd.patch --- passwd 2014-10-13 13:14:20.163135344 -0400 +++ passwd.new 2014-10-13 13:14:03.064135909 -0400 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync -hutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown +shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin Step 5: Apply the patch. ===================== root is in ! ~/patch patch -b < passwd.patch patching file passwd Step 6: Verification: ===================== root is in ! ~/patch diff passwd passwd.new root is in ! ~/patch grep shut passwd shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown root is in ! ~/patch Man Pageroot is in ! ~/patch patch --help Usage: patch [OPTION]... [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] Input options: -p NUM --strip=NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names. -F LINES --fuzz LINES Set the fuzz factor to LINES for inexact matching. -l --ignore-whitespace Ignore white space changes between patch and input. -c --context Interpret the patch as a context difference. -e --ed Interpret the patch as an ed script. -n --normal Interpret the patch as a normal difference. -u --unified Interpret the patch as a unified difference. -N --forward Ignore patches that appear to be reversed or already applied. -R --reverse Assume patches were created with old and new files swapped. -i PATCHFILE --input=PATCHFILE Read patch from PATCHFILE instead of stdin. Output options: -o FILE --output=FILE Output patched files to FILE. -r FILE --reject-file=FILE Output rejects to FILE. -D NAME --ifdef=NAME Make merged if-then-else output using NAME. -m --merge Merge using conflict markers instead of creating reject files. -E --remove-empty-files Remove output files that are empty after patching. -Z --set-utc Set times of patched files, assuming diff uses UTC (GMT). -T --set-time Likewise, assuming local time. --quoting-style=WORD output file names using quoting style WORD. Valid WORDs are: literal, shell, shell-always, c, escape. Default is taken from QUOTING_STYLE env variable, or 'shell' if unset. Backup and version control options: -b --backup Back up the original contents of each file. --backup-if-mismatch Back up if the patch does not match exactly. --no-backup-if-mismatch Back up mismatches only if otherwise requested. -V STYLE --version-control=STYLE Use STYLE version control. STYLE is either 'simple', 'numbered', or 'existing'. -B PREFIX --prefix=PREFIX Prepend PREFIX to backup file names. -Y PREFIX --basename-prefix=PREFIX Prepend PREFIX to backup file basenames. -z SUFFIX --suffix=SUFFIX Append SUFFIX to backup file names. -g NUM --get=NUM Get files from RCS etc. if positive; ask if negative. Miscellaneous options: -t --batch Ask no questions; skip bad-Prereq patches; assume reversed. -f --force Like -t, but ignore bad-Prereq patches, and assume unreversed. -s --quiet --silent Work silently unless an error occurs. --verbose Output extra information about the work being done. --dry-run Do not actually change any files; just print what would happen. --posix Conform to the POSIX standard. -d DIR --directory=DIR Change the working directory to DIR first. --reject-format=FORMAT Create 'context' or 'unified' rejects. --binary Read and write data in binary mode. -v --version Output version info. --help Output this help. Report bugs to <[email protected]>. Man Pages Diffroot is in ! ~/patch diff --help Usage: diff [OPTION]... FILES Compare files line by line. -i --ignore-case Ignore case differences in file contents. --ignore-file-name-case Ignore case when comparing file names. --no-ignore-file-name-case Consider case when comparing file names. -E --ignore-tab-expansion Ignore changes due to tab expansion. -b --ignore-space-change Ignore changes in the amount of white space. -w --ignore-all-space Ignore all white space. -B --ignore-blank-lines Ignore changes whose lines are all blank. -I RE --ignore-matching-lines=RE Ignore changes whose lines all match RE. --strip-trailing-cr Strip trailing carriage return on input. -a --text Treat all files as text. -c -C NUM --context[=NUM] Output NUM (default 3) lines of copied context. -u -U NUM --unified[=NUM] Output NUM (default 3) lines of unified context. --label LABEL Use LABEL instead of file name. -p --show-c-function Show which C function each change is in. -F RE --show-function-line=RE Show the most recent line matching RE. -q --brief Output only whether files differ. -e --ed Output an ed script. --normal Output a normal diff. -n --rcs Output an RCS format diff. -y --side-by-side Output in two columns. -W NUM --width=NUM Output at most NUM (default 130) print columns. --left-column Output only the left column of common lines. --suppress-common-lines Do not output common lines. -D NAME --ifdef=NAME Output merged file to show `#ifdef NAME' diffs. --GTYPE-group-format=GFMT Similar, but format GTYPE input groups with GFMT. --line-format=LFMT Similar, but format all input lines with LFMT. --LTYPE-line-format=LFMT Similar, but format LTYPE input lines with LFMT. LTYPE is `old', `new', or `unchanged'. GTYPE is LTYPE or `changed'. GFMT may contain: %< lines from FILE1 %> lines from FILE2 %= lines common to FILE1 and FILE2 %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}LETTER printf-style spec for LETTER LETTERs are as follows for new group, lower case for old group: F first line number L last line number N number of lines = L-F+1 E F-1 M L+1 LFMT may contain: %L contents of line %l contents of line, excluding any trailing newline %[-][WIDTH][.[PREC]]{doxX}n printf-style spec for input line number Either GFMT or LFMT may contain: %% % %c'C' the single character C %c'\OOO' the character with octal code OOO -l --paginate Pass the output through `pr' to paginate it. -t --expand-tabs Expand tabs to spaces in output. -T --initial-tab Make tabs line up by prepending a tab. -r --recursive Recursively compare any subdirectories found. -N --new-file Treat absent files as empty. --unidirectional-new-file Treat absent first files as empty. -s --report-identical-files Report when two files are the same. -x PAT --exclude=PAT Exclude files that match PAT. -X FILE --exclude-from=FILE Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE. -S FILE --starting-file=FILE Start with FILE when comparing directories. --from-file=FILE1 Compare FILE1 to all operands. FILE1 can be a directory. --to-file=FILE2 Compare all operands to FILE2. FILE2 can be a directory. --horizon-lines=NUM Keep NUM lines of the common prefix and suffix. -d --minimal Try hard to find a smaller set of changes. --speed-large-files Assume large files and many scattered small changes. -v --version Output version info. --help Output this help. FILES are `FILE1 FILE2' or `DIR1 DIR2' or `DIR FILE...' or `FILE... DIR'. If --from-file or --to-file is given, there are no restrictions on FILES. If a FILE is `-', read standard input. Report bugs to <[email protected]>.
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